“Depression is a serious public health concern and a lot remains unknown about how to effectively treat it in men,” says Dr Lang, Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the University of Adelaide’s Department of Medicine. “Men are less likely to seek, and more likely to drop out of, treatment for their depression and are four times more likely to die from suicide attempts than females.”
“Obstructive sleep apnea affects approximately 1 in 2 men and 1 in 5 women, but most of these, up to 82%, remain undiagnosed.
“An association between sleep apnea and depression has been noted in previous research but now we know just how strong this relationship really is in the general community,” she says.
Dr Lang says these are important findings that will help in the diagnosis and treatment of both conditions.
“Our study found excessive daytime sleepiness and severe obstructive sleep apnea are both associated with the prevalence and onset of depression, and the presence of both is associated with an even greater risk,” says Dr Lang.
“With the link between sleep disorders and depression being so strong, I’d encourage clinicians to investigate men with symptoms of either depression or a sleep disorder for the other problem.
“Although there haven’t yet been any studies to guide the management of sleep apnea and depression when they occur together, many smaller studies have found that continuous positive airway pressure therapy for sleep apnea can reduce depression severity in patients suffering from both conditions.
“For now, if you have sleep apnea our advice is to simply be aware of the increased risk for depression and talk to your doctor if you have any concerns. It is also important that people with depressive disorders raise any concerns about their sleep with their physician because often sleep problems are assumed to simply be a result of the depression itself and not investigated,” she says.
This research was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.