Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common disorders that are characterized by persistent and recurring GI symptoms. These occur as a result of abnormal functioning of the GI tract. They are not caused by structural (tumors or masses) or biochemical abnormalities.
As a result, many routine medical tests attempting to diagnose an FGID, such as x rays, CT scans, blood tests and endoscopic exams can have essentially normal/negative (non disease) results.
More than 20 functional GI disorders have been identified. They can affect any part of the GI tract, including the esophagus, stomach, bile duct and/or intestines.
The most common and best researched FGID is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits of diarrhea, constipation or alternating between both.
Other common FGIDs include functional dyspepsia (pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, feeling of fullness, bloating or nausea), functional vomiting, functional abdominal pain, and functional constipation or diarrhea.
It is important to understand that these are not psychiatric disorders, although stress and psychological difficulties can make FGID worse.
Approximately 25 million Americans have functional GI disorders. 50 - 80% of people with FGID symptoms do not consult a physician, although they may take over the counter medications and report significantly more job absenteeism and disability than people without these symptoms. It has been reported that IBS is the second leading cause, after the common cold, for missing work or school