"With the recent identification of body mass index–associated genetic
variants, it is possible to investigate the interaction of these
genetic factors with exercise on body composition outcomes," said lead
researcher Yann Klimentidis, assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Arizona's Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health.
Klimentidis and colleagues analyzed genetic markers of 148 women between the ages of 30 and 65 years old who participated in a yearlong randomized trial called the Bone Estrogen and Strength Training, or BEST, study. During the trial, 84 participants were asked to engage in supervised, high-intensity resistance training and moderate-impact, weight-bearing exercises for 75 minutes, three days a week, for 12 months.
During the trial, participants were asked to take calcium supplements, but not to change their diet otherwise, and dietary intake was recorded at random intervals. A genetic risk score for obesity for each participant then was calculated based on 21 genetic markers thought to affect body weight. The authors found that participants with a low genetic risk score for obesity benefited most from the exercise regimen, at least when it came to weight and body composition outcomes. This included a reduction in weight, total and percentage body fat, and abdominal fat.
"This doesn’t mean that resistance training is futile for women with higher genetic risk for obesity. It means those with lower genetic risk just benefited more," explains Jennifer Bea, assistant professor at the UA College of Medicine – Tucson. "We have previously shown that the resistance training was important for these women in many other ways, including improved bone density. Like most interventions, exercise is not a one-size-fits-all proposition. People with higher genetic risk scores for higher BMI may benefit more from aerobic training, for example."
The study found weight-loss response to resistance exercise, including changes in body composition, differs according to an individual’s genetic risk for obesity.
The authors suggest that further studies in other populations be undertaken, with a focus on other health-related outcomes using other genetic variants. Further research also is needed to identify the molecular and physiological mechanisms that these genes are involved in, and to determine optimal weight-management strategies based on an individual’s genetic profile.
The BEST study was conducted by Timothy Lohman, professor emeritus in the Department of Physiology, and Scott Going, professor in the Department of Nutritional Sciences, at the UA.
Klimentidis and colleagues analyzed genetic markers of 148 women between the ages of 30 and 65 years old who participated in a yearlong randomized trial called the Bone Estrogen and Strength Training, or BEST, study. During the trial, 84 participants were asked to engage in supervised, high-intensity resistance training and moderate-impact, weight-bearing exercises for 75 minutes, three days a week, for 12 months.
During the trial, participants were asked to take calcium supplements, but not to change their diet otherwise, and dietary intake was recorded at random intervals. A genetic risk score for obesity for each participant then was calculated based on 21 genetic markers thought to affect body weight. The authors found that participants with a low genetic risk score for obesity benefited most from the exercise regimen, at least when it came to weight and body composition outcomes. This included a reduction in weight, total and percentage body fat, and abdominal fat.
"This doesn’t mean that resistance training is futile for women with higher genetic risk for obesity. It means those with lower genetic risk just benefited more," explains Jennifer Bea, assistant professor at the UA College of Medicine – Tucson. "We have previously shown that the resistance training was important for these women in many other ways, including improved bone density. Like most interventions, exercise is not a one-size-fits-all proposition. People with higher genetic risk scores for higher BMI may benefit more from aerobic training, for example."
The study found weight-loss response to resistance exercise, including changes in body composition, differs according to an individual’s genetic risk for obesity.
The authors suggest that further studies in other populations be undertaken, with a focus on other health-related outcomes using other genetic variants. Further research also is needed to identify the molecular and physiological mechanisms that these genes are involved in, and to determine optimal weight-management strategies based on an individual’s genetic profile.
The BEST study was conducted by Timothy Lohman, professor emeritus in the Department of Physiology, and Scott Going, professor in the Department of Nutritional Sciences, at the UA.